Dengue fever: How to prevent and manage it

Dengue fever is a viral based illness, which is transmitted in human body by the bites of infected mosquito species, Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus. 

The symptoms of dengue are usually visible after a few days of mosquito bite. Symptoms can be mild to severe depending on the case.  

One out of every four infected Indvidual’s can feel sick¹.

In severe cases it can cause hemorrhage, organ failure and even death. 

Infants, pregnant women and previously dengue infected persons are at higher risk¹. 

Symptoms

• High Fever  
• Joint and muscle pain 
• Headache 
• Nausea and vomiting 
• Skin rashes 
• Bleeding 
• Extreme drop in platelet count (In severe cases) 
• Extremely low blood pressure (In severe cases) 

Treatment and Management

• The treatment for dengue mostly focusses on relieving symptoms and preventing any complications.
• On feeling the symptoms of dengue fever, it is highly recommended to consult physician.
• Severe cases may require hospitalization and regular monitoring of complications. 
• Taking good rest helps the body to fight against the infection. 
• It is important to keep your body hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids and avoid dehydration. In case of vomiting ORS can be given to replenish salt loss. 
• Eat fruits rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, like kiwi, oranges, grapes, pomegranates to support immune function and recovery. 
• Coconut water can help in hydrating the body. 
• Multivitamin supplements having vitamin C, selenium and antioxidants can be taken to improve immunity and general wellbeing. 
• In case of fever and body ache, Over The Counter (OTC) medicine like paracetamol can be taken in recommended dosage.  
• Avoid pain killers like ibuprofen, diclofenac and other NSAIDs, as they can increase the bleeding complications. 
• Platelets transfusion is done in severe cases under strict medical supervision. 

Tips for prevention of Dengue

• Keep your surroundings clean of any stagnated water, as it offers a breeding place for dengue spreading mosquito. 
• Spraying of approved insecticide around the houses. 
• Use fine wire mesh over doors and windows to prevent entry of mosquitoes in home.  
• Keeping doors and windows as much closed as possible. 
• Use approved mosquito repellant creams, burning coils and liquid vaporizers. 

Vaccination

Currently one vaccine Dengvaxia introduced by sanofi pasteur is registered in many endemic countries².

Precautions and care

• In case of continuous vomiting, seek immediate medical help. 
• Insecticides and pesticides shall be used in home with utmost care and avoid eating and sleeping area. 
• Burning coil shall be kept in an appropriate area and shall be monitored to avoid any fire hazard.  
• Avoid using insect repellants on the palm and fingers of children, as they can unknowingly put their finger and hand in their mouth. 
• Avoid inhaling fumes from mosquito repellants coils and vaporizers. 

References

1. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/dengue
2. Dengue – Sanofi